Top 10 countries by cumulative crude steel production in January 2022

 January 2022, China's crude steel production is estimated at 81.7 million tons, down 11.2% year-on-year

India's crude steel output was 10.8 million tons, up 4.7% year-on-year

Japan's crude steel production was 7.8 million tons, down 2.1% year-on-year

U.S. crude steel production was 7.3 million tons, up 4.2% year-on-year

Russia's crude steel output is estimated at 6.6 million tons, up 3.3% year-on-year

South Korea's crude steel production is estimated at 6 million tons, down 1.0% year-on-year

German crude steel production was 3.3 million tons, down 1.4% year-on-year

Turkey's crude steel production was 3.2 million tons, down 7.8% year-on-year

Brazil's crude steel production was 2.9 million tons, down 4.8% year-on-year

Iran's crude steel production is estimated at 2.8 million tons, down 20.3% year-on-year.

We Changxing Refractory Material Co.,LTD is professional manufacturer and supplier of refractory materials for more than 30 years. Our high quality refractory products are good sold to many countries say South Africa, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc. Shall any interests, welcome to contact us. Our team would make best to be your reliable partner!

Article Source:Applicable environment and performance characteristics of refractory fiber castables
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Slag regulating material for converter slag splash protection

 Slag splashing furnace protection is a new technology developed this year to increase converter age. The basic principle is that after the final molten steel is blown, the remaining MgO content reaches the saturated or supersaturated final slag, and a high-pressure nitrogen gas of 0.8-0.9 MPa is blown at 0.8-2.0 m at the theoretical level of the molten pool using a spray gun. , Spatter the slag and form a layer with a high melting point on the surface of the furnace lining. The slag-spattering layer adheres well to the furnace lining to protect the furnace lining.

The effect of slag splashing furnace protection is mainly determined by the MgO content in the slag before slag splashing. The addition of slag regulator can increase the MgO content in the slag. There are two ways to add it: adding slag adjuster after tapping to make the MgO content meet the requirements of slag splashing furnace protection; When the converter is blowing, add the slag adjuster and the slagging material into the furnace and control the final slag composition To make the MgO content meet the requirements. The commonly used slag conditioner and its chemical composition are shown in Table 1. When selecting a slag conditioner, the MgO content in the slag conditioner and its price should be comprehensively considered.

We Changxing Refractory Material Co.,LTD is professional manufacturer and supplier of refractory materials for more than 30 years. Our high quality refractory products are good sold to many countries say South Africa, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc. Shall any interests, welcome to contact us. Our team would make best to be your reliable partner!

Article Source:Slag regulating material for converter slag splash protection
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Table 1 Commonly used slag conditioner and its chemical composition（w）

Raw Material	CaO	SiO2	MgO	LOI	MgO
Metallurgical magnesia	8.0	5.0	83.0	0.8	75.8
Light burned magnesia ball	1.5	5.8	67.4	22.5	56.7
Light burned dolomite	51.0	5.5	37.9	5.6	55.5
Magnesium-containing lime	81.0	3.2	15.0	0.8	49.7
Raw dolomite	30.3	2.0	21.7	44.5	28.3
Magnesite slag grains	0.8	1.2	45.9	50.7	44.4

Magnesia refractory castable pouring method

 1. Vibration casting with 30~50mm vibrating rod.

2. Firstly, the bottom of the package is filled with the material, and the vibrating rod is used to level the vibration to ensure the thickness of the casting layer or slightly thickened.
3. After the bottom of the package, after placing for 2~4 hours, place the core, the core should be placed in the middle of the ladle, not offset, and should be leveled, the surface of the core should be cleaned, treated to be slippery and oiled.

(1) The vibrating bar must not touch the core and the heat insulating material, so it should be kept at a certain distance from the core and the heat insulating material, but it should not be larger than 50mm.
(2) The penetration depth of the vibrating bar shall not touch the underlying castable, but the distance from the lower layer shall not exceed 50 mm.
(3) The distance of the insertion point of the vibrating bar should not exceed 200mm, keep the uniform and dense vibration, and slowly lift the vibrating bar when it is pulled out. Do not pull out suddenly to avoid leaving holes.
(4) A special person should be in charge of mastering the vibrating rod. If it is found that there are unqualified quality requirements, it should be treated in time to continue construction.
(5) Pouring the wall of the package is usually two rounds of material vibration, each feeding thickness is about 250mm, to achieve uniform cloth, and pay attention to uniform vibration, avoid leakage vibration, vibration should be dense.

We Changxing Refractory Material Co.,LTD is professional manufacturer and supplier of refractory materials for more than 30 years. Our high quality refractory products are good sold to many countries say South Africa, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc. Shall any interests, welcome to contact us. Our team would make best to be your reliable partner!

Article Source：Magnesia refractory castable pouring method
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The difference between AOD furnace and ordinary converter

 1. AOD generally uses side and bottom combined blowing, and ordinary converters generally use top and bottom combined blowing;

2. AOD furnace also has top and bottom blowing;
3. The ordinary converter plays the role of removing carbon and adjusting other components in the process of making ordinary steel. Generally, the molten iron comes out of the converter as molten steel;
4. AOD furnace is mainly used for the continuous refining of ordinary molten steel, and is often used to smelt stainless steel and low carbon steel;
5. For the first decarburization in the converter, one of the main contradictions in stainless steel smelting is that it can decarburize while retaining chromium during further decarburization. AOD and VOD retain chromium in different ways.

We Changxing Refractory Material Co.,LTD is professional manufacturer and supplier of refractory materials for more than 30 years. Our high quality refractory products are good sold to many countries say South Africa, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc. Shall any interests, welcome to contact us. Our team would make best to be your reliable partner!

Article Source:How to choose refractory bricks for industrial furnace
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The characteristics and classification of magnesia refractories

 The melting point of MgO is as high as 2800℃, and the refractoriness of magnesia bricks is generally high, reaching above 2000℃. Therefore, magnesia bricks have good high temperature resistance, high temperature vacuum stability is good, and strong resistance to alkaline slag , but magnesia bricks have poor resistance to sulfate erosion, poor thermal shock stability, and are easy to hydrate. In addition to traditional magnesia bricks, magnesia refractories also include forsterite refractories and magnesia alumina spinel high-quality refractories, magnesia-chrome refractories, white jade refractories, etc.

Magnesium chromium refractory material. It is a refractory material made of magnesia and chromite, and with magnesia as the main component. According to the chemical composition, magnesia-chrome refractory products include chrome bricks and chrome-magnesia bricks. Magnesium-chromium refractory products have high refractoriness, high-temperature strength, good thermal shock stability, strong corrosion resistance to alkaline slag, adaptability to acidic slag, and good kiln-hanging properties. Magnesium-chromium refractory products are mainly used in RH ovens, AOD furnaces, non-ferrous metal smelting furnaces and glass kiln regenerators, cement rotary kilns, mixing furnaces, lime kilns and high-temperature kiln linings, etc.

However, due to the environmental impact of hexavalent chromium ion harm to the human body. Magnesium aluminum spinel refractory material. It is a refractory composed of magnesia and spinel with a magnesium oxide content (mass fraction) of not less than 20%. However, due to the large variation range of A12O3 and MgO content, we will use A12O3 and MgO as the main chemical composition of the refractory. It is called magnesia-aluminum spinel refractory. Magnesium-aluminum spinel refractories are mainly used in large cement rotary kilns, glass kiln regenerators, electric furnace tops, refining furnaces outside the furnace, ladle and other thermal equipment for enhanced operations.

Dolomite refractory material. The main component is white jade clinker. White jade clinker refers to calcining natural magnesium calcium salts or hydroxides to form a uniform and dense mixture of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide. According to the chemical mineral composition, it can be divided into the following two categories.

Article Source:The characteristics and classification of magnesia refractories
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Lining method of EAF bottom ramming mass

 After feed in EAF bottom ramming mass, use a shovel or a nail rake to level it, and then use an aluminum alloy long ruler and a level to level it, taking the baseline released in advance as the standard, and then spread a canvas on the leveled ramming material, and the canvas will ramming the furnace bottom cover it all.

Put two vibrators on the canvas and keep a certain distance between the two vibrators. At the beginning, the two vibrators are best placed on the two ends of the furnace diameter inside the furnace shell. This will not only avoid mutual interference, but also enable the operator to reduce dust damage.

After the vibrator is activated, it starts to vibrate from the outer ring and ramming from the outside to the inside. The next circle should overlap the previous one by one third to prevent missed beating. Continuously vibrate from the inside of the brick wall until the center of the furnace is regarded as-times. After the ramming is completed, the ramming is repeated several times from the outside to the inside, and each layer of ramming material is simultaneously rammed multiple times with two vibrators.

After each layer of ramming is finished, remove the dust-proof canvas, and use a homemade nail rake to pull the surface of the ramming material in the same direction and comb into grooves to help increase the contact area of the upper and lower adjacent layers to form a seamless overall ramming stove bottom.

The density of the ramming material after compaction should reach 2.8g/cm2 or more. At this time, the vibrator jumps up and down, the amplitude is larger, and the vibration sound is louder than the previous few times. These phenomena indicate that the material layer is basically solid.

Knotting quality inspection method: use a 4mm diameter iron rod, such as φ 4mm welding rod, the insertion depth does not exceed 20mm.

Article Source:Lining method of EAF bottom ramming mass
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The application of cement kiln refractories

 We often use magnesite chrome brick, high alumina brick, clay bricks, silicon mullite brick, phosphate bonded high alumina brick, magnesia spinel brick, high alumina castable, low cement castable, calcium silicate board and ceramic fiber products in the cement rotary kiln.

Changxing factory is located on Xinmi city, Henan Province with abundant raw material resources. Reasonable price and best service providing for you. We also have professional kiln designers help you to do the refractory solution for you. You can discuss with our engineer face to face and visit factory to see the process of steel making.

Changxing refractory provides refractory products, calcium silicate products, castable & mortar, china refractory brick, ceramic fiber felt, ladle & tundish nozzle, ceramic fiber with high quality for you. Such as high alumina refractory bricks, magnesia carbon brick, clay refractory bricks and other refractory products.

Article Source: The application of cement kiln refractories
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Which refractory materials are used in the intermediate frequency furnace?

Refractories used in intermediate frequency furnaces are mostly dry, such as dry ramming materials, also called knotting materials. According to their chemical properties, refractory materials include neutral, alkaline and acidic materials. Induction furnaces, etc., select suitable refractory materials according to the characteristics of the furnace and the environment.　　

For the lining of the intermediate frequency furnace for melting cast iron, generally cheaper quartz sand is used as the knotting material. When the smelting temperature is high and the smelting conditions are relatively harsh, the service life of the quartz sand knotting material will be greatly reduced, which cannot meet the user's requirements. At this time, it is necessary to use dry knotting materials such as magnesia, magnesia aluminum, magnesia chromium, etc. (that is, the alkaline lining material that everyone often calls).

What are the common molding methods for refractory materials:

There are many molding methods for refractory materials. Common molding methods include extrusion molding, vibration molding, extrusion molding, ramming molding, isostatic pressing molding, melting casting molding, grouting molding, etc. The choice of forming method is mainly based on the nature of the mud, the shape, size and other process requirements of the embryo body. Except for the fact that most refractory materials are formed by press forming and vibration forming is used to form large shaped blanks. Extrusion molding is generally used For the forming of tubular blanks, grouting is generally used for forming hollow thin-walled blanks. Isostatic pressing is currently mainly used in the production of high-performance refractories.

Of course, the choice of molding method is also restricted by the equipment conditions of the production plant, so some products can't use the molding method. In this case, the company should choose other more suitable molding methods on the premise of meeting the technical requirements of the product.

Intermediate frequency furnace refractory knot forming method:

1. The sand should be manufactured according to the regular particle size and mixed evenly with additives. If you choose wet knotting, you can add 1% to 2% of the water, mix and put it for 1 to 2 hours before use.

2. Spread asbestos cloth on the inside of the sensor.
3. Knotted at the bottom of the furnace. After adding the sand material in batches, repeat the tamping with a pointed steel drill with a diameter of 12 to 14 mm each time. The furnace bottom knotting and feeding times are 4 to 5 times. The thickness of the furnace bottom is generally knotted to a regular height, and each knotting time is at least 10 minutes.
4. Put in the crucible core, which is the mould that controls the shape and volume of the crucible.
5. Knotted at the furnace mouth.

Article Source:Development of VOD ladle lining refractories

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Factors Affecting Refractory Materials for Electric Furnace Cover

1.Arc radiation
When the electric furnace is smelted, the arc temperature generated by the discharge of the electrode is as high as 3000 ° C or more, and the small furnace cover working face is subjected to severe melting loss.
2.Thermal shock
The arc heating, tapping and the rotation of the furnace cover to the outside of the furnace cause quenching and rapid heat, which causes the furnace cover to generate thermal stress and cause the working surface to peel off.
3. Chemical attack
The molten steel and slag are sprayed onto the working surface of the furnace cover, and some of the chemical components chemically react with the working surface and penetrate into the working surface to form a metamorphic layer.
4. Electrode spray water
The use of spray water on the electrode not only reduces the electrode consumption, but also causes the temperature around the electrode hole to decrease, thereby suppressing the high temperature melt loss to some extent. If this measure is not used, the electrode hole damage will be aggravated, mainly as reaming.
Changxing refractory provides refractory products, calcium silicate products, castable & mortar, china refractory brick, ceramic fiber felt, ladle & tundish nozzle, ceramic fiber with high quality for you. Such as high alumina refractory bricks, magnesia carbon brick, clay refractory bricks and other refractory products.

Article Source : Factors Affecting Refractory Materials for Electric Furnace Cover
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The refractories trend for EAF cover

Electric furnace cover with refractory material development trend is: brick - prefabricated block - the overall pouring. 

For alkaline fire brick cover, electric tile with magnets. In order to ensure the stability of the furnace cover structure and reduce the deformation and peeling of magnesia, the use of iron plaster or masonry insert iron. As the metal induced current (especially high power electric furnace cover), the formation of local overheating to non-magnetic steel fire brick, on the other hand pure magnesia brick linear expansion coefficient is too large, the amount of small. 

In addition, the whole pouring the cover. The use of the overall casting furnace cover to promote the life of the furnace to further improve. After the water is cooled, the electrode is also water-cooled around the electrode, and the high-alumina ultra-low cement castable containing 3% Cr2O3 is added from the material and the stainless steel fiber is added. The furnace cover is used in the case of slightly repaired 594 furnace and service life is 4 times than before.

Changxing refractory provides refractory products, calcium silicate products, castable & mortar, china refractory brick, ceramic fiber felt, ladle & tundish nozzle, ceramic fiber with high quality for you. Such as high alumina refractory bricks, magnesia carbon brick, clay refractory bricks and other refractory products.

Article Source：The refractories trend for EAF cover
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Function of Refining Slag

In order to take with the problem of serious erosion of ladle lining during the desulfrization of LF refining, LF refining slag is adjusted and calcium aluminate system substituted fluorine free refining slag with fluorine. After the adjustment of the slag, the erosion conditions on ladle were improved greatly and refining number, refining ratio and remaining lining thickness after demolishing all increased substantially. The liquidity of new slag system and desulfrization effect could meet the production requirement.

Factors which would effect refractory to dissolve with slag contains as following,?chemical composition and properties of slag; slag refractory component saturation concentration and the actual concentration difference; the reaction product of slag with Refractories; viscosity of slag. For steel mill with refining ladle, especially on Wall slag line, the use of magnesium aluminum carbon brick building, MgO as the main oxides, it is classified as basic refractories. The higher the alkalinity of slag, its ability to dissolve erosion weaker; dissolution erosion rate of slag refractory drank proportional to the difference between the actual concentration of a slag refractory component Cs and the actual concentration Co. Cs-Co larger Refractories in slag dissolution rate will be. The slag viscosity increases, will reduce the rate of dissolution of refractory, refractory damage weakened.

Changxing refractory provides refractory products, calcium silicate products, castable & mortar, china refractory brick, ceramic fiber felt, ladle & tundish nozzle, ceramic fiber with high quality for you. Such as high alumina refractory bricks, magnesia carbon brick, clay refractory bricks and other refractory products.

Article Source:Function of refining slag
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Ways to improve the life of RH furnace lining

1.Different steel grades, such as ultra-low carbon steel and low carbon steel, have different refining processes and conditions, and the requirements for refractory materials of furnace lining are also different. It is recommended that steel mills concentrate different steel grades in different furnaces in order to select the appropriate refractory material according to the refined steel grade.

2.The corrosion mechanism of different parts of the RH furnace is different. Therefore, the appropriate refractory raw material should be selected according to the specific conditions of different parts during refining, and the integrated furnace should be carried out.

3.Control the refining temperature, do not exceed 1650 °C.

4.Improve the use efficiency of the RH refining furnace, increase the daily refining furnace times, shorten the intermittent time, and adopt insulation measures during the interval to reduce the temperature fluctuation in the furnace.
5.Monitor the erosion of the dip tube and perform spray repair during the rest period between the two furnaces. Increasing the life of the dip tube and reducing the number of times the dip tube is replaced can reduce the structural spalling caused by the large temperature fluctuation in the lower part of the vacuum chamber.
6.When replacing the dip tube, the lower part of the vacuum chamber, the bottom of the furnace, the throat and other parts can be sprayed and repaired immediately, or the ramming material can be filled in the throat to be repaired.
Changxing refractory provides refractory products, calcium silicate products, castable & mortar, china refractory brick, ceramic fiber felt, ladle & tundish nozzle, ceramic fiber with high quality for you. Such as high alumina refractory bricks, magnesia carbon brick, clay refractory bricks and other refractory products.
Article Source:Ways to improve the life of RH furnace lining
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Matters need attention for the sintering of tundish lining

To save cost and make it easy to use, it’s better to make a fast sintering to increase the temperature in tundish to 1000-1100℃ 1 to 2 hours before it is put into use.
For slab continuous casting, normally Al-C monoblock stopper or integrated Al-C submerged entry nozzle would apply with tundish. If the sintering is too long, the strength of monoblock stopper and SEN will be lowered, if they are with bad anti oxidizing coatings, they could be oxidized, which will further lower their strength and service life.

The changing rules of the strength of aluminium carbon products during sintering is: With the increasing of sintering temperature, the strength goes down, when the temperture is between 500℃ to 600℃, it has the lowest strength. When the temperature goes up again, the strength will go up, when the temperature is 1300℃, it will go back to original level, but when the temperature rise again, the strength will go down. For this reason, it is required that the sintering should be fast to get the preset temperature asap.

Changxing refractory provides refractory products, calcium silicate products, castable & mortar, china refractory brick, ceramic fiber felt, ladle & tundish nozzle, ceramic fiber with high quality for you. Such as high alumina refractory bricks, magnesia carbon brick, clay refractory bricks and other refractory products.

Article Source:Matters need attention for the sintering of tundish lining
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The importance of correct refractory design

As we all know, the refractory design remains the most fundamental factor in all furnaces construction. Refractory design details and proven technology consideration is of paramount importance to come up with an optimum furnace life and to maintain productivity in the life span of the furnace lining.

The failure to produce a technically or operationally durable refractory design lining could give rise to premature deterioration of the refractory lining and furnace shell.

The premature failure of the furnace lining will lead to extensive heat losses, furnace bath shift, change in tap hole orientation and alteration of the Pitch Circle Diameter. In this way, the pre-design of refractory lining is very important, we must pay attention to every details, finding out the most suitable refractories for each part.
Our technical team can give you a perfect design which is suitable for your furnaces according to specific needs, please contact us freely if you’re interested.

Changxing refractory provides refractory products, calcium silicate products, castable & mortar, china refractory brick, ceramic fiber felt, ladle & tundish nozzle, ceramic fiber with high quality for you. Such as high alumina refractory bricks, magnesia carbon brick, clay refractory bricks and other refractory products.

Article Source:The importance of correct refractory design
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Construction of fire plastic material

The construction quality of fire plastic refractory raw material affects the service life of the furnace directly. When doing construction on the top of the furnace, if the construction is improper, accidents such as roof vault or roof collapse will occur. Therefore, fire plastics refractory raw material must be constructed as follows:

1.Combining fire plastic material and anchor bricks;

2.When the first layer of refractory raw material is hammered, shave the surface of plastic material with a scraper so that the bonding surface is rough; then place the second layer of plastic material and hammered in the same way;

3.Cut the expansion joint according to the design requirements;

4.Lay holes in the plastic refractory raw material after construction.

Changxing refractory provides refractory products, calcium silicate products, castable & mortar, china refractory brick, ceramic fiber felt, ladle & tundish nozzle, ceramic fiber with high quality for you. Such as high alumina refractory bricks, magnesia carbon brick, clay refractory bricks and other refractory products.

Article Source：Construction of fire plastic material
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Development of ladle lining refractory materials

20th Century 50--70 years, China's steel plants mainly used aluminosilicate refractory materials, including clay, alumina brick and so on. Since the 1980s, China has successively developed the aluminum-magnesium carbon, coal quality calcium and magnesium and other several series of new steel package refractories. Wherein the aluminum-magnesium carbon refractory materials are of varieties, all specifications, is China's major ladle refractories.
In earliest 20th Century 50--60 years, a variety of clay bricks were mainly used in our country. Due to low cost, until the 1980s, some steel plants were using clay bricks as ladle lining material. Although clay brick is no longer used as ladle material so far, it had made a great countribution for recovery and future development of China's steel industry in the early days.

With the continuous development of steelmaking technology, steel quatity and quantity, clay bricks was no longer used because of short service life. Some of our mills started using a variety of high alumina bricks as ladle lining material, in which way the ladle life got a greatly improvement.

With the continuous improvement of steelmaking technology, high aluminum ramming mass, wax brick, alumina magnesia, aluminum-magnesium casting material, aluminum-magnesium unfired brick, aluminum-magnesium spinel castable, aluminum MgO-C, magnesium aluminate spinel brick, aluminum-magnesium unfired brick and a series of high-grade refractory materials appeared to adapt to higher demand.

Changxing refractory provides refractory products, calcium silicate products, castable & mortar, china refractory brick, ceramic fiber felt, ladle & tundish nozzle, ceramic fiber with high quality for you. Such as high alumina refractory bricks, magnesia carbon brick, clay refractory bricks and other refractory products.

Article Source:Development of ladle lining refractory materials
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Matters need attention in designing ladle cover

1. There are normally two kinds of ladle cover, water-cooling cover and refractory material cover. Compared with refractory material cover, water-cooling cover is with much less maintenance work. However, water-cooling cover is with more energy loss, especially for small ladle. It is reported that, for a 300t ladle, the energy loss with water-cooling cover is 12-14%, while as high as 41% for a 40t ladle. Thus energy loss and maintenance should both be put into consideration during designing.
2. To ensure good inner environment in ladle, reduce oxidization of electrodes and slag, reduce molten steel absorbing hydrogen and nitrogen from the air, it’s better to keep a mirco positive pressure status.
3. Deploy a hood on ladle cover and a tube by the side of the hood, or deploy several vacuuming holes under the ladle cover, then connect them to the tube, set a regulating valve plate to form the second vacuuming point in the ladle.
Changxing refractory provides refractory products, calcium silicate products, castable & mortar, china refractory brick, ceramic fiber felt, ladle & tundish nozzle, ceramic fiber with high quality for you. Such as high alumina refractory bricks, magnesia carbon brick, clay refractory bricks and other refractory products.
Article Source: LF refining furnace or ladle applied materials
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Processing of steel scrap

The processing of steel scrap differs from different kind of refractory material quality and shapes. Breakable and irregular shape lumps can be broken by the hammering of heavy punch, Extra thick and extra long scraps should be cut into proper sizes by flame cutter. The scraps with even larger sizes can be broken with blasting method. Thick waste steel plate and merchant steel should be cut with shearing machine. Light scraps with small volume weight like offcut of light sheets, steel wire, waste car shell, should be compressed to blocks with packer and then bundled. The steel cuttings produced by cutting should be compressed to blocks by briquetting machine after deoiling. Scraps mixed with other kind of metals ashould be broken, then get steel scrap with magnetic separation. A new technique of breaking under -50～-100℃ low temperature with the help of liquid nitrogen has been developed in recent years, but the problem of separating steel scrap and nonferrous metal and other impurities was not completed solved. The use of mixed scraps should be kept within a certain portion to avoid affecting the quality of steel.

Magnetic separation
Magnetic separation is to use the magnetism difference between the different material in solid waste to separate with inhomogeneous magneto, it is the most effective method in separating ferrous metals. After solid waste is put into magnetic separator, magnetic particles will be magnetized under the effect of inhomogeneous magneto, and then sucked into the cylinder by the force of magnetic field, then discharged. Non-magnetic particles stay in. The magnetic sources adopted in magnetic separation are usually electromagnet and permanent magnet.

Cleaning
It is to use different kind of chemical solvents or hot surface active agent to clean up the greasy dirt, rust and sidiment on the surface of scrap. Usually used for generators, bearings, gears that are polluted by grease, lubricant, oil, etc.

Preheating
Scraps are usually polluted by oil, lubricating grease, etc., the oil and lubricating grease which are unable to evaporate immediately could pollute the molten metal. For open storage scaps, after affected by moisture, as it contains moisture and other easily vaporized material like lubricating grease, it could expand under high temperature in furnaces. Therefore, it should be preheated with flames to remove the moisture and grease, then put into furnaces.

Changxing refractory provides refractory products, calcium silicate products, castable & mortar, china refractory brick, ceramic fiber felt, ladle & tundish nozzle, ceramic fiber with high quality for you. Such as high alumina refractory bricks, magnesia carbon brick, clay refractory bricks and other refractory products.

Article Source:Processing of steel scrap
Company name: Henan Xinmi Changxing Refractory Materials Co.,Ltd
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Refractories and Classification of Refractories

Refractories are the raw materials which are resistant to heat and exposure to different degrees of mechanical stress and strain, thermal stress and strain, corrosion/erosion from solids, liquids and gases, gas diffusion, and mechanical abrasion at various temperatures. In simplified language, they are considered to be materials of construction which are able to withstand high temperatures. Refractories are usually inorganic non-metallic materials with refractoriness greater than 1500 deg C. They belong to coarse-grained ceramics having microstructure which is composed of large grains. The basis of body is coarse-grained grog joined by fine materials.
Changxing refractory provides refractory products, calcium silicate products, castable & mortar,china refractory brick, ceramic fiber felt, ladle & tundish nozzle, ceramic fiber with high quality for you. Such as high alumina refractory bricks, magnesia carbon brick, clay refractory bricks and other refractory products.
Article Source:Refractories and Classification of Refractories
Company name: Henan Xinmi Changxing Refractory Materials Co.,Ltd
Email: sales1@chinafirebrick.com
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Common castable for reheating furnace

1.Self leveling castable. Self leveling castable is applicable to the furnace parts which are more complex and can not be vibrated by workers.
2.Low cement castable. The low cement castable is suitable for the high temperature zone and moderate temperature zone of the heating furnace, and the service temperature is between 1400~1500 degrees centigrade.
3.Phosphate castable. Phosphate castable is suitable for heating furnace bottom and the zone where it rub with other refractory materials and erosion zone by hot wind. The service temperature is between 1000~1600 degrees.
4.Mullite castable. The mullite castable is charactorized with high thermal shock resistance, erosion resistance, good volume stability and high application temperature. So it is usually used in the key parts of the furnace wall, furnace top and depressed beam, or used to make the burner brick.
5.Light weight castable. The lightweight castable is used for the heat insulation layer of the furnace wall, furnace top, flue and other parts. High strength lightweight castable can also be used as the lining of exhaust systems and hot air pipes.
Article Source: Light weight castable
Company name: Henan Xinmi Changxing Refractory Materials Co.,Ltd
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