Construction method of tundish dry vibrating mix

 1. First install the tundish nozzle block bricks to ensure that the upper plane is on the same plane, and then pour the dry material evenly into the bottom of the bag, and rammed tightly around the nozzle block bricks. Ramming layer by layer or using flat plate vibration to tamping the bottom material, the construction height of the material should be slightly higher than the upper surface of the nozzle block, which is conducive to the full contact between the tire mold and the bottom material.

2. After the package bottom construction is completed, set the tire mold into the tundish. When sitting the mold, ensure that the gap thickness between the two sides of the tire mold and the permanent layer is the same.

3. Pour the dry vibratin material evenly at different positions along the sidewall, and drag it along the tire mold with a vibrating rod while pouring to make the dry material fully exhaust and reduce the segregation of the material during the vibration of the tire mold.

4. Construction layer by layer until the dry material fills the entire gap, and the height of the dry material is higher than the height of the permanent layer.

5. Start the vibration motor in the tire mold for 5-10 seconds, and then use the auxiliary manual vibration motor to vibrate one circle along the tundish.

6. Add dry materials to fill the gaps left by vibration, and fully compact or tamping the top dry vibrating materials.

7. Ignite the burner in the tire mold for heating. The temperature of the tire mold is controlled between 200 and 300°C, and the heating time is 1 to 2 hours.

8. After the tire mold is cooled, use a crane to pull up the tire mold. When drawing the mold, prevent the working liner from being damaged.

9. Before use, directly bake on high fire for about 1 hour, and it can be used when it reaches above 1000°C.

We Changxing Refractory Material Co.,LTD is professional manufacturer and supplier of refractory materials for more than 30 years. Our high quality tundish dry vibrating mix are good sold to many countries. Shall any interests, welcome to contact us. Our team would make best to be your reliable partner!

Article Source:Construction method of tundish dry vibrating mix
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Types and characteristics of refractory materials for tundish lining

 The tundish is located between the ladle and the continuous casting machine, and has a rectangular shape and a T-shape. The refractory materials used for the lining of the tundish are also diverse. The permanent layer castable is made of high-alumina bricks and castable as a whole.

The working layer is equipped with thermal insulation board, smearing material, and integrally cast with dry castable. The material is acidic, neutral, and alkaline. Because the tundish has a bottom and a wall, the structure is simple. Moreover, there are nozzles and impact areas at the bottom, and overflow grooves or retaining walls along the wall of the bag.

The tundish is the refractory lining that is the most frequently overhauled in steel plants. It must be used for future development, and the construction is quick and convenient. The permanent layer of the tundish is also made of high-aluminum castable, which is installed or painted as needed. If the permanent layer is castable as a whole, the cladding must be cleaned before pouring, and the tundish nozzle can be placed before demoulding, and the bottom can be poured with high-aluminum castable. The surface should be flat and vibrate densely. Do not stop during the mixing process of the castable, wait for the bottom to dry naturally for 24 hours, and then place the mold pouring ladle wall. The gap between the cladding mold and the steel plate is uniform, and the cloth should be uniform when the high-aluminum castable is poured. The thickness of the stack should not exceed 300mm. It can be demoulded and put on the baking table after natural curing for 24 hours.

If you use smears, the application is simple. Install the nozzle, block, tundish impact plate and slag retaining wall first. Then smear the mixed smear on the permanent layer. When the design thickness is reached, pierce the heat dissipation holes; smear the smear at the junction of the impact plate and the slag retaining wall into a slope. The surface of the overflow tank should also be smeared with tundish coating material.

In recent years, a lot of dry materials are used. The dry material construction is similar to that the permanent layer is cast with high-aluminum castables. The mold is fed and vibrated. After molding, the dry materials are evenly baked, and after reaching a certain temperature, they are demoulded and baked.?

We Changxing Refractory Material Co.,LTD is professional manufacturer and supplier of refractory materials for more than 30 years. Our high quality refractory products are good sold to many countries say South Africa, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc. Shall any interests, welcome to contact us. Our team would make best to be your reliable partner!

Article Source:Types and characteristics of refractory materials for tundish lining
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The construction of dry vibrating material

 The construction of dry-type vibrating material is divided into direct vibration and indirect vibration, and the tundish is used as an example to illustrate. The direct vibration method is to use a flat-plate vibrator to vibrate while laying the material, constructing layer by layer. After the package bottom construction is completed, put the side wall mold into the package wall. After the construction of each layer, the surface layer should be harrowed and new dry vibrating materials should be added to prevent delamination. The indirect vibration method is to install the vibrator on the mold, and the vibration force is transferred to the dry material through the template to obtain a dense construction body. The installation position and quantity of the vibrator shall be subject to the compactness of the lining material.?

First, clean the surface of the permanent lining, install the impact plate and the seat brick, ram the surrounding with dry material to compact, then pour the dry material into the bottom of the bag, pat it flat with a spade, and ensure the thickness of the bottom of the bag (to leave out the vibration compression)

Secondly, install the tire mold, the distance between the tire mold and the surrounding permanent lining is the same, so that it reaches the required thickness of the working lining.

Thirdly, pour the dry virbrating mix into the upper edge of the tire mold, and activate the vibrator to vibrate for 4-6 minutes. Then add the material and vibrate until the dry material reaches the edge of the package; the fourth cleaning site, ignite the baking burner on the tire mold for low-fire baking, the baking temperature is 180-270℃, and the time is about 2h, so that the dry material is hardened. Obtain a certain strength, and then carry out air cooling to make the temperature of the tire mold drop below 100 ℃ and demold; Check the condition of the lining body, and repair it in time if there is a defect. Generally speaking, the construction of dry vibrating materials uses both methods in order to achieve the maximum density of the lining and increase its service life.

We Changxing Refractory Material Co.,LTD is professional manufacturer and supplier of refractory materials for more than 30 years. Our high quality refractory products are good sold to many countries say South Africa, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc. Shall any interests, welcome to contact us. Our team would make best to be your reliable partner!

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How to choose gunning material for electric furnace lining

In the production process of electric furnace steelmaking, it is a very common method to improve the service life of electric furnace refractory linings by optimizing gunning repair materials. Generally, the aggregate material in the EAF gunning material is the same as the material of the gunning furnace lining.?

With the development of metallurgical furnace lining quality, the material of gunning material has also changed from silicon, high aluminum, and magnesium to high aluminum silicon carbide, magnesium dolomite, aluminum-magnesium, magnesium-carbon, aluminum-magnesium-carbon, Magnesium calcium carbonaceous development. Both at home and abroad are committed to the development of new materials and varieties to meet the needs of the development of gunning technology for different metallurgical furnaces.

The gunning materials for electric furnaces include magnesia, magnesia-dolomite, magnesia-chromite, magnesia-carbon, magnesia-dolomite-carbon, etc., and part of the high-activity seawater magnesia is used in the aggregate. To promote sintering and improve the density and strength of the gunning layer. In order to make the gunning material solidify quickly during the gunning operation, and at the same time adhere to the furnace lining, a small amount of additives are often added to the aggregate.

1. When adding Al, Mg and other low-melting metal powders for gunning, the metal powder's oxidation heat will increase the temperature, and harmless oxides will be formed in the gunning material to improve the adhesion between the gunning layer and the furnace lining.

2.Add spinel Cr2O3, SiC, B4C, etc. to improve the oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of the material.

3.Add a small amount of organic fiber with a length of 1~5mm, which will melt at low temperature to form an air duct, which is conducive to the evaporation of water in the binder and prevents bursting.

4.Add 0.1~2mm, 10~40mm long metal fiber, used in the tap hole and other parts to improve the corrosion resistance of the gunning layer.

5.Add part of the slag of the metallurgical furnace to improve the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the gunning material.

Article Source:How to choose gunning material for electric furnace lining
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MgO-C bricks used on LRF

 Currently, inhibition of steel temperature droping has become a major issue for many steel plants. Therefore, in order to suppress temperature drop of molten steel, there has a test to study insulation problem of refractory lining in 185t ladle, by comparing three different measures.

First:Reducing the heat transfer effect of sidewall castables (30% reduction). This method is by reducing coarse particles in castable, increasing porosity and other measures to reduce the thermal conductivity, to suppress heat dissipation.

Second:Using insulation materials in the backlayer of wall castable. This method is to use one layer insulating bricks with less than 1W (m?℃) thermal conductivity between ladle steel shell and wall castable, to inhibit heat dissipationheat.

Thrid:Reducing the heat transfer of slag line MgO-C brick heat transfer (30% reduction). This method is developed in recent years, to select lower thermal conductivity of magnesia carbon brick from the high thermal conductivity of MgO-C brick for slag line, to suppress heat dissipation.

After comparing, the results found that: only in reducing the thermal conductivity of slag line MgO-C bricks ,the effect of suppressing steel temperature dropping is significant, up to 2℃. The durability is same or higher than ordinary ladle, less cracks, the residual condition after use is also very good.

We Changxing Refractory Material Co.,LTD is professional manufacturer and supplier of refractory materials for more than 30 years. Our high quality ladle?magnesia carbon bricks are good sold to many countries say South Africa, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc. Shall any interests, welcome to contact us.?For further details, please feel free to contact us, we would be your reliable partner.

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Reasons and solutions for lining material burst of intermediate frequency furnace

 Reason one for the bursting of the lining material of the intermediate frequency furnace:

After the micropowder is introduced into the intermediate frequency furnace, many small gaps are filled, which reduces the air permeability of the intermediate frequency furnace lining material and causes bursting.

Reason two for the explosion of the lining material of the intermediate frequency furnace:

The zeolite-like calcium-aluminum-silicon hydrate or gel formed in the lining of traditional intermediate frequency furnaces rarely forms exhaust passages due to the decomposition of hydrates before 300 degrees. After 300 degrees, the rapid dehydration releases a large amount of water vapor and causes bursting.

The easy solution to the bursting of the lining material of the intermediate frequency furnace:

1. Use a reasonable drying and heating system to control the maximum vapor pressure inside the furnace lining;

2. Add explosion-proof materials such as explosion-proof agent to the furnace lining to increase the air permeability of the hardened body and reduce the internal vapor pressure of the castable.

We Changxing Refractory Material Co.,LTD is professional manufacturer and supplier of refractory materials for more than 30 years. Our high quality silica ramming mass are good sold to many countries say South Africa, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc. Shall any interests, welcome to contact us. Our team would make best to be your reliable partner!

Article Source:Causes of perforation of ladle nozzle in use and solutions
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Causes of perforation of ladle nozzle in use and solutions

 Sometimes when steel is poured, a local area of the down nozzle will be melted and formed, and the molten steel will pass through from here, which seriously affects the normal operation of continuous casting.

Possible reasons for perforation:

(1) The ladle slide plate is half-open for pouring steel for a long time. The molten steel flows seriously in the nozzle, and swirls are formed on the inner wall of the nozzle. Local erosion and erosion are serious, and it is easy to form pits. In severe cases, the molten steel will pass through this position; When forming, the local position is relatively loose, the strength is low, and it is easy to be eroded.

(2) After many times of use, the drain is subjected to severe temperature differences, resulting in thermal shock cracks in the nozzle, and air passages are easily formed at the intersection of the cracks. Due to the negative pressure inside the ladle nozzle, the cracks will absorb oxygen and be oxidized. The structure is loose and eroded by molten steel, forming holes and perforations.

 

Solution:

The drain material with good thermal shock resistance and corrosion resistance should be selected. When hot repairing, pay attention to observe whether the inner wall of the drain is evenly eroded and whether there are pits, so as to prevent the occurrence of perforations.

We Changxing Refractory Material Co.,LTD is professional manufacturer and supplier of refractory materials for more than 30 years. Our high quality ladle magnesia carbon bricks are good sold to many countries say South Africa, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc. Shall any interests, welcome to contact us. Our team would make best to be your reliable partner!

Article Source:Causes of perforation of ladle nozzle in use and solutions
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Frequently asked questions about Intermediate frequency furnace lining

 The use state of the silica ramming mass has the most direct relationship with the furnace building. Let's talk about the problems often encountered during furnace building according to our furnace building sequence.

1. Preparations before building the furnace

(1) Repair of insulating paint on coil surface

Now the insulation treatment of the coil plays a vital role in the production safety and efficiency improvement of the entire electric furnace. If the insulation treatment is not good, the intuitive phenomenon is that the coil will have obvious ignition or arcing, which will cause serious and direct copper breakdown. Management, causing production safety accidents. Before each intermediate frequency furnace lining, the slurry layer on the surface of the coil is completely removed, the copper oxide skin on the surface of the coil is polished, and a clean copper surface is exposed, and then the insulating paint is sprayed.

(2) Repair of coil paste

In use, due to the long-term disassembly, installation and recycling of the furnace lining, the coil slurry will be damaged to varying degrees. This layer of coil slurry is the last barrier to protect the coil in addition to the ultra-high temperature insulating paint on the surface. If it is damaged, it will affect the production. The safety factor in. Before repairing, the first thing to do is to clean the dust on the damaged surface. Make sure that there is no quartz sand or other materials left by the secondary lining around the exposed coil.

(3) Installation of the alarm line

When installing the leaking furnace alarm line, it is necessary to ensure that there is a certain distance (5--10 cm) between each alarm line. This is to reduce the heat collection of the alarm line. Before the construction of the furnace bottom, the fixed alarm line should also be pressed with an asbestos board or asbestos cloth with an area of about 30*30cm on the alarm line, because the fixed alarm line is often under the action of tension or during the process of adding materials. Different degrees of tilting ensure the standardization of the design thickness of the furnace bottom and the design capacity of the electric furnace. In addition, it can also ensure the stability of the alarm line during the construction of the furnace bottom.

2. The construction of the furnace mouth

Furnace nozzle material-do not overlap on the furnace lining material. Because the furnace lining has a certain degree of shrinkage and expansion when the furnace is cooled and the furnace is started, the overlap of the two materials will increase the gap between them and cause the phenomenon of iron sticking. .

3. Construction of the furnace bottom

During the initial charging of the furnace bottom construction, someone must perform the charging operation in the furnace, which is to better organize the preparation lining.

Smoother, so that the preparation lining will not affect the furnace lining to achieve better results. At the bottom of the furnace, you can add a little more for the first feeding (the first feeding can be at 10cm, and then control at 5-8cm each time), after the exhaust work is completed, the surface of the quartz s and must be shaved before the second .The secondary feeding can avoid the stratification caused by feeding at different levels. It is best to increase the feeding height of the furnace bottom to a height of 10cm higher than the alarm line, because the furnace bottom will still have a certain drop space when it is shaking.

4. Putting in the crucible mold

The design of the crucible In order to allow the water in the induction furnace lining material to be discharged better and faster, the surface of the crucible will be drilled every 25CM.

A 3-5mm fine hole. Clean the surface of the crucible mold before putting it in the furnace, and then seal the pores with tape.

The purpose is to make it free of rust or dust on the surface.

Article Source:Frequently asked questions about Intermediate frequency furnace lining
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Refractory for DC EAF

 There are three basic types of dc arc furnaces, namely ABB, Clecim and GHH. Different types of dc arc furnaces are divided according to the structure of the bottom electrode, which shows the importance of the bottom electrode. The bottom electrode of ABB type dc arc furnace is conductive with conductive refractory, and the bottom surface is cooled by wind. While in GHH, many small steel needles (20-50 mm in diameter) are embedded in the bottom, and the bottom surface of metallurgical spare parts is also wind-cooled. The bottom electrode of Clecim is 1 ~4 thick steel rods, and the lower end is cooled with copper water cooling jacket. On the basis of these three types, various forms such as steel sheet type, water-cooled bottom electrode type and composite bottom electrode type of steel bar and copper bar were developed.

The life of dc arc furnace bottom electrode is essentially the life of refractory. For Clecim bottom electrode, the electrode sleeve brick has magnesia, magnesia carbon, magnesia aluminum and magnesia chromium refractory. In Europe, carbon-free zonal bricks are generally used, while in Japan, thermal shock stability is considered to be a major problem, and high carbon tt containing magnesia-carbon bricks should be used. In order to further improve the thermal shock resistance and corrosion resistance of cask bricks, magnesium-alumina spinel materials and magnesium-chromium bricks were used in Europe. Clecim bottom electrode is to rely on hot repair to maintain high life, so the repair material and construction effect is extremely critical, the current use of repair material is mainly magnesium dry ramming material.

For steel needle or steel plate bottom electrode conductive dc arc furnace, steel needle or steel plate between the use of dry materials, there are also made of prefabricated parts, mainly magnesia refractory.?Mgo-c materials?are now used in Japan to improve life. It is impossible to improve the life of bottom electrode by improving the performance of refractory material. Therefore, metallurgical spare parts in recent years to carry out hot repair work abroad, the hot repair material requirements are conductive refractory materials (the conductive steel needle and steel sheet buried), mainly have magnesium iron conductive ramming material, magnesium carbon conductive ramming material, magnesium calcium carbon conductive ramming material.

Article Source:Refractory for DC EAF
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Production process and damage mechanism of tundish sizing nozzle

 Tundish sizing nozzle is used as the key refractory material for billet continuous casting, which controls the flow of molten steel, determines the drawing speed of the billet in continuous casting, and is a necessary condition to ensure the normal operation of continuous casting. In addition to cracking, blockage and falling off of the zirconic sizing nozzle, it is also required that the diameter expansion speed should not be too fast to meet the requirements of long-term casting. Damage to the sizing nozzle. The damage process of the oxidized sizing nozzle is a complex physical and chemical effect of its interaction with steel slag and molten steel at high temperatures.

The specific damage mechanism is divided into two categories:

(1) Physical damage:

During the use of the zirconium sizing nozzle, due to the large temperature difference between before and after pouring steel (the pouring temperature of the steel is 1540C, uneven heating, a huge thermal stress is generated inside the nozzle, resulting in micro cracks in the nozzle. The generation of slag reduces the strength and erosion resistance of the nozzle, and provides convenience for the penetration and erosion of molten steel and steel slag into the sizing nozzle.?

(2) Chemical damage:

① Desolubilization of stabilizer in zirconia. The best raw material for preparing zirconium sizing nozzles is partially stabilized zirconia. In the process of casting steel, stabilizers (calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, etc.) will react with molten steel and inclusions (such as Fe, Mn, Si, etc.) in molten steel. A low melting point oxide melt is formed, which flows away with the molten steel, and the aluminum oxide solid solution is destabilized and decomposed due to the desolubilization of the stabilizer. As a result, the quantity of cubic phase aluminum oxide is reduced, and small particles of monoclinic phase are lost with molten steel.

② Infiltration and erosion of molten steel and steel slag.

 

We Changxing Refractory Material Co.,LTD is professional manufacturer and supplier of refractory materials for more than 30 years. Our high quality refractory products are good sold to many countries say South Africa, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc. Shall any interests, welcome to contact us. Our team would make best to be your reliable partner!

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The service life of EAF dry ramming mass

 nder normal circumstances, the one-time life of dry ramming material can reach more than 300 furnaces, and it can be extended to 500~600 furnaces through hot repair, and even some products on the market can reach more than 600 furnaces.

After the electric furnace bottom ramming material is used for a certain period of time, due to various reasons, the electric furnace bottom will be damaged in different degrees. Therefore, the furnace lining should be repaired according to the damage of the furnace lining.

(1) Hot repair is carried out every certain period during smelting, but after each furnace steel is finished, attention must be paid to the dynamics of the bottom of the furnace, and the pit must be repaired when the depth is greater than 150mm.

(2) Before repairing, blow off the repaired surface with oxygen (immediately after the steel and slag are released) to completely remove the residual steel residue in this part.

(3) Lift in the ramming material until it falls above the part to be repaired, and move the crane to make the distribution reasonable.

(4) Lift into iron blocks or other heavy objects to compact.

(5) If the furnace bottom and furnace slope are hot repaired in a large area, in order to ensure the service life after repair, shorten the number of repairs, and reduce the consumption of steel per ton of dry ramming mass.

We Changxing Refractory Material Co.,LTD is professional manufacturer and supplier of refractory materials for more than 30 years. Our high quality refractory products are good sold to many countries say South Africa, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc. Shall any interests, welcome to contact us. Our team would make best to be your reliable partner!

Article Source:The service life of EAF dry ramming mass
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Construction of EAF Dry Ramming Mass

 

The specific construction steps can refer to the following scheme:

1. After shoveling the material flat with a shovel, step on it firmly with your foot to remove the air, insert the steel drill into the material and shake it repeatedly, and then use your foot to keep it solid. The construction thickness of each layer of the ramming material is 150~ 200mm is appropriate, and then use a knotting tool to ram it 3 times in a spiral shape from the periphery to the center.

2. The method to check the quality of knotting is usually to put a round steel with a diameter of 5mm on the ramming layer and press it down with a pressure of 10kg, and its depth does not exceed 30mm.

3. Steel brazing can be inserted forcefully during site construction, and its depth should not exceed 30mm. The method of knotting the furnace slope is the same as that of the furnace bottom. First, use your feet firmly, and then use the knotting device to ramming. The maximum angle between the furnace slope and the furnace bottom does not exceed 40°. Prevent rolling or collapse due to the furnace slope is too large.

4. In places where steel tapping bricks, furnace doors and other places where molten steel is agitated and scoured severely, it should be rammed strongly and can be appropriately thickened to extend the service life of the refractory materials in these damaged parts as much as possible.

5. After the ramming is finished, cover the ramming material with 5~10mm thick thin steel plate to prevent the shape of the furnace bottom from being damaged or the waste steel penetrates the ramming material layer when loading the scrap steel, which may cause the hidden danger of steel leakage. If steel cannot be made in time, 100~200mm thick lime should be placed on the iron plate to prevent hydration of the ramming material.

When knotting the ramming material, it must be operated strictly in accordance with the construction requirements to ensure the compactness of the ramming material, otherwise it will cause the ramming material to shrink seriously during use, causing a large number of cracks and spalling, resulting in a decrease in life.

The first furnace is very important for smelting, and the oxygen blowing pipe must not be inserted too deep during oxygen blowing and decarburization, otherwise it is easy to cause the ramming material at the bottom of the furnace to turn up and produce big pits. During the smelting of the first furnace, the bottom of the furnace can be covered with a layer of lime, which not only prevents the scrap steel from directly hitting the bottom of the furnace, but also prevents the ramming material from hydrating, and can form slag earlier.

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Global crude steel production was 161.7 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 3.3

 In July 2021, the crude steel output of the 64 countries included in the World Steel Association statistics was 161.7 million tons, an increase of 3.3% year-on-year.

The top ten countries with cumulative crude steel production from January to July 2021

· China's crude steel output was 86.8 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 8.4%

· India’s crude steel output was 9.8 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 13.3%

· Japan’s crude steel output was 8 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 32.5%

· U.S. crude steel production was 7.5 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 37.9%

· Russian crude steel production is estimated at 6.7 million tons, an increase of 13.4% year-on-year

· South Korea’s crude steel output was 6.1 million tons, an increase of 10.8% year-on-year

· German crude steel production was 3 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 24.7%

· Turkey's crude steel output was 3.2 million tons, an increase of 2.5% year-on-year

· Brazil’s crude steel output was 3 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 14.5%

· Iran’s crude steel production is estimated at 2.6 million tons, an increase of 9.0% year-on-year.

We Changxing Refractory Material Co.,LTD is professional manufacturer and supplier of refractory materials for more than 30 years. Our high quality refractory products are good sold to many countries say South Africa, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc. Shall any interests, welcome to contact us. Our team would make best to be your reliable partner!

Article Source:Global crude steel production was 161.7 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 3.3%
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Global steel demand will continue to grow by 202

 At present, some countries have pledged to achieve ambitious carbon reduction targets in the coming decades. In April of this year, the United States announced a new carbon emission reduction target, which is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50%-52% by 2030 compared with 2005. Previously, other major steel producing countries, such as the European Union (reducing carbon emissions by 55% in 2030 compared to 1990), China (to be "carbon neutral" in 2060), and Japan (reducing carbon emissions by 46% in 2030 compared to 2013), etc.?

As an energy-intensive industry, the steel industry will be directly affected by economic transformation. However, driven by the recovery of economic activity after the new crown pneumonia epidemic, steel demand will continue to grow in the short term. As a key participant in the clean energy transition, the steel industry may also benefit from plans or major infrastructure projects in progress in major economies. These infrastructures include upgrading transmission and distribution infrastructure, wind turbines, hydroelectric power and nuclear power plants.

The US government’s $2.2 trillion US employment plan puts great emphasis on investment in new infrastructure, clean technology, and renewable energy. If the plan is passed in Congress, the proposed spending of $1.7 trillion will be spent on infrastructure, including repairing roads and bridges, new public transportation, rebuilding public utility infrastructure, and developing the domestic electric vehicle market. The European Union and Japan are also planning or introducing similar infrastructure "green" fiscal stimulus measures.

Therefore, during the outlook period, global crude steel production is expected to grow steadily by 2.8% annually, reaching 2.1 billion tons by 2023.

In the long run, the steel industry is expected to need to make significant progress in technology development and material efficiency in order to achieve the goal of carbon emission reduction. This includes the application of process automation and artificial intelligence, the shift to natural gas and other energy sources, the development and application of new technologies such as carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), and the exploration of hydrogen-based production. As more and more companies adopt carbon emission reduction measures, in the long run (in the coming decades), global steel demand is expected to be at the same level or decline at the current level. Although the priorities of various countries are economic recovery and fiscal stimulus, it is expected that the total global crude steel production will not decline during the outlook period.

We Changxing Refractory Material Co.,LTD is professional manufacturer and supplier of refractory materials for more than 30 years. Our high quality refractory products are good sold to many countries say South Africa, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc. Shall any interests, welcome to contact us. Our team would make best to be your reliable partner!

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Corrosion of magnesia carbon brick by ladle slag

 In the ladle, due to the complex physical and chemical environment at the slag line, the furnace lining is the most vulnerable to damage. The chemical attack of steel slag on the?magnesia carbon brick?is mainly through the dissolution of magnesia and the oxidation of the graphite in the brick body. Under the combined action of the two factors, the magnesia carbon brick is damaged.?

1.The effect of alkalinity:?the lower the alkalinity of the slag, the more beneficial it is to the erosion of the?magnesia-carbon bricks. The increase of the alkalinity of the slag will reduce the activity of FeO in the slag, and the decrease of the activity of FeO will lead to the diffusion capacity of FeO.?

2.The influence of MgO:?Osbom et al. found that the MgO content in the reaction layer of the residual bricks of the LF slag line is very high. When the MgO content in the slag is low, the magnesia carbon The erosion rate of bricks is very large, and the lower the alkalinity, the faster the erosion of?ladle magnesia carbon bricks.?

3.The influence of Al2O3:?Al2O3 in the slag will reduce the melting point and viscosity of the slag, which greatly increases the penetration and erosion of the ladle magnesia carbon brick by the slag, and can also corrode the magnesia from the magnesia grain boundary to make periclase Dissociate.

4. The influence of FeO:?First, the FeO in the slag can easily react with the graphite in the magnesia-carbon brick at high temperature, and produce bright white iron beads to form a decarburized layer. Secondly, the magnesia will interact with the graphite in the slag FeO will form a low melting point of rich magnesium body. AT&S believes that in the process of repeated heating and cooling of the ladle, the phase transformation between the magnesium richite and the mafic ore is accompanied by the volume change, which causes cracks in the magnesia on the working surface, which in turn leads to the formation of magnesia. Dissolution, foreign studies believe that the increase in iron content in steel slag is detrimental to the life of magnesia-carbon bricks. Firstly, iron oxides accelerate the oxidation of graphite, and secondly, it increases the solubility of MgO in the slag and accelerates the dissolution of periclase. The combined effect of the two is the erosion of?magnesia carbon bricks.

Article Source:Corrosion of magnesia carbon brick by ladle slag
Company name: Henan Changxing Refractory Materials Co.,Ltd
More refractory products:https://www.cxrefractories.com/en-product-solution
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