The main refractory wear mechanism at the bottom of the ladle

 The damage to the bottom of the ladle, especially the impact area, may be the second reason why the ladle cannot be used and needs to be repaired or relined. The typical feature is: the higher the height of the ladle, the worse the wear of the refractory in the bottom area. Other relevant factors may include tapping temperature and furnace height.

There are three main stages:

1. Thermal spalling-temperature gradient and tapping cause the formation of cobweb-like vertical cracks on the bottom hot surface at the early stage of the furnace age;
2. The penetration of molten steel and slag—the penetration of molten steel and slag into the bottom hot surface , Especially through those vertical cracks formed on the surface;
3. Structural cracking-the subsequent thermal cycle causes the structural cracking of the alternating hot surface area, and then a new refractory surface is formed. Once the newly formed refractory surface is exposed to molten steel and slag, the second and third stages will be repeated.

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Article Source：The main refractory wear mechanism at the bottom of the ladle
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