The main elements for controlling electric furnace steel-making

 The main elements for controlling electric furnace steel-making are the supply and quality of steel scrap. Adopting DRI which is also called sponge iron steel becomes the most efficient and economic processing measure. In 2000, Sponge iron production reach 43 million ton in the world, the main country are Venezuela, Mexico and India. For India, it tried to produce sponge iron steel in 1980 and could not reach 10 million ton in 1990, while it reached 54 million ton. The processing measure for smelting sponge iron steel is not complicated. It is to mix mineral flour and coke equality, balling, roast in the ring kiln and reduced iron to get sponge iron and impurities product.

The surface temperature of rotary kiln lining is 1000 degree centigrade or so and, it can bear mechanical stress, slagging, washout and heat shock function . In preheating zone, about 900 degree centigrade , it happened C+CO2---2CO reaction, the mine partly and slowly is reduced and then it happened Fe2O3+CO---2Fe0+CO2 reaction. The temperature of material, but in the zone of reduction, it happened Fe2O3+CO---2FeO+CO2, this reaction absorbs the heat , the reactant material temperature is lower than 100 degree centigrade, the refractory lining bear the sudden change for temperature of fuel burning and material cooling.

Article Source: BOF furnace classification and related refractories
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