How to improve service life of ladle purge plug

 Ladle purge plug or porous plug is a critical component in ladle bottom purging system. Apart from the purge plug life its reliability, gas flow rate quality of steel produced etc are evolving as the most important parameters to judge the purge plug quality.

Methods to improve service life of ladle purge plug

The wear of the purging plugs mainly consist of erosion due to intensive liquid steel stirring, corrosion by aggressive iron-oxide rich slag at high temperature and, as well as the spalling of layers from the hot face, which is owing to horizontal cracking.In order to prolong the service life of purging plugs, many efforts have been made by adjusting the chemical components so as to improve the material properties.

1.The results showed that higher refractoriness and better iron-oxide-rich slag corrosion resistance could be achieved in the non-cement systems. 

2. Systematically investigated the effect of cement contents on the mechanical properties and found that the phase compositions and microstructure can be optimized through adjusting the cement content in corundum castables. 

3. Furthermore, Prepared three kinds of castables, of which physical properties were characterized along with their microstructures at both room temperature and high temperature to increase cold and hot mechanical strengths. It was concluded that the calcium hexaluminate phase in the matrix of the corundum-based low-cement castable enhances the cold and hot mechanical strengths.

As a part of ladle lining, the geometries of the purging plug may also influence their temperature distribution, stress responses, and service life. It was found that two optimal lining concepts were proposed to decrease heat loss through the steel shell and thermomechanical load at the hot face of the working lining.  

Ladle refining furnaces are widely employed in the modern steel-making process for decarburization, desulfurization, inclusion removal and homogeneous temperature and composition. As the crucial part of the ladle, purging plugs experience an intermittent thermal shock when the liquid steel is poured into and out of the ladle in cycles during the refining process. Moreover, an intense extra heat exchange occurs within the purging plug when the argon is continuously blown into the liquid steel through the slits assembled in the purging plug. Due to these severe service conditions, the working time of the purging plug, is less than that of the refractory lining of the ladle. Consequently, downtime is needed to repair or replace the purging plug, which leads to more energy consumption and lower production efficiency. Therefore, the service life of the purging plug has long been recognized as an important issue in improving steel-making production efficiency.

What are the causes of damage to a ladle purging plug?

Due to vigorous lancing (oxygen )

Due to Back Pressure when plug chowking

If Purging Plug well Block not patching regular

Due to boundary side oxygen lancing with high pressure.

The main reason of damage to refractory materials, including chemical erosion, mechanical abrasion and thermal stress. Thermal stress which is caused by damage to the refractory cracking the direct cause of damage.

The purging plug is an indispensable refining component; Its slit structure and distribution are important factors that influence refining efficiency.

To achieve homogenous temperature and composition of steel by fostering of slag metal refining reaction Argon gas is purged through bottom purging blocks into the steel bath. Purging is the most important activitiy in secondary steel refining process. For smooth running of the process with less downtime, plug performance need to align with operation without failure. Ladle Purging brick are widely used in the secondary refining process, and its service life determines the downtime and usage efficiency of the whole ladle.

Ladle Purge Plug

More details about ladle purge plug

What is purging in ladle?

To achieve homogenous temperature and composition of steel by fostering of slag metal refining reaction Argon gas is purged through bottom purging blocks into the steel bath. Purging is the most important activitiy in secondary steel refining process.

What is purging in steel plant?

Purging is an inerting method commonly used in safety-critical process chambers such as reactors to eliminate oxygen and moisture when operations are started up or shut down.

What does purging mean in steel ladle?

Dual gas purging is often done in a ladle to accelerate the refining operations in steel industries. The purged gas, mainly argon imparts momentum to the molten metal and establishes a turbulent recirculating flow in the melt, which generates shear stresses on the ladle walls.

What is ladle purging?

The purpose of ladle purging plug used by steelmaking factories is to remove harmful gases and impurities, adjust the composition, so as to complete the basic tasks of oxygen supply, slagging, stirring, heating and other steelmaking.

Article Source: How to improve service life of ladle purge plug
Company name: Henan Changxing Refractory Materials Co.,Ltd
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How to prevent the tundish nozzle from clogging

 Tundish nozzle plays a very important role in ladle steel making.It is very important to learn the measures to prevent the clogging of the nozzle of the tundish. There are some measures to stop clamping at tundish nozzle.

Measures to stop clamping at tundish nozzles

(1) Ensure that there is no deformation in the sliding mechanism of the continuous casting sizing nozzle, there is no foreign matter on the sliding stroke of the sizing nozzle, and the gap between the sizing nozzles is less than or equal to 0.3mm.

(2) The size of the zirconium sizing nozzle is reasonably designed, there is no damage and cracks before use, and the board surface is flat without unevenness.

(3) The production rhythm is stable, the quality of molten steel is qualified, and there is no phenomenon of high and low temperature and molten steel interception.

(4) The personnel for replacing the sizing nozzle are skilled, and there should be no accidental burning or diameter expansion caused by human factors.

The disorder of casting process because of nozzle clogging is a long-standing issue ever since the continuous casting process has been introduced. Nozzle clogging is the build-up of solid or semi-solid material on a refractory surface which can become problematic during steel pouring, as it can affect the stream dynamics, reduce the pouring rate, and cause large agglomerated particles to be intermittently released into the liquid steel stream in severe cases. Because of the nozzle clogging, the casting speed is frequently decreased, and even an entire cast is to be abandoned.  Further, nozzle clogging can give rise to both quality and productivity problems.

During the continuous casting of liquid steel, steel flows from the tundish to the mould through a submerged entry nozzle, (SEN) as shown. This protects the liquid steel from reoxidizing in contact with the atmosphere. The flow rate is controlled with a gate or stopper rod to maintain optimum casting conditions. If the nozzle clogs and the flow control cannot make up for the reduced flux, the nozzle has to be replaced which means the production is interrupted. The clog build-up can also result in decreased steel quality as oxide particles can loosen from it, giving rise to rather large inclusions.

Tundish nozzle clogging problems take several different forms, and can occur anywhere inside the nozzle, including the upper well, bore, and ports. They are classified into four different types according to their formation mechanism namely

 (i) the transport of oxides which are present in the steel to the nozzle wall,

 (ii) air aspiration into the nozzle,

 (iii) chemical reaction between the nozzle refractory, and the steel, and (iv) steel solidified in the nozzle. In practice, a given nozzle clog is frequently a combination of two or more of these types, and its exact cause(s) can be difficult to identify.

Problems caused by clogged tundish nozzles:

Clogging of the tundish nozzle is a major castability problem in continuous casting of steel for several reasons. Firstly, clogging increases the frequency of operation disruptions to change nozzles or tundishes or even to stop casting. These extra transitions increase operating cost, decrease productivity, and lower quality. Secondly, clogging can lead directly to a variety of quality problems. Clogs change the nozzle flow pattern and jet characteristics exiting the ports, which can disrupt flow in the mold, leading to surface defects in the steel product and even breakouts. Dislodged clogs also disturb the flow and either become trapped in the steel or change the flux composition, leading to defects in either case. Quality problems also arise from the mold level transients which occur as the flow control device compensates for the clogging.

FAQ:

What is a tundish nozzle?

Tundish Nozzles are an integral part of Continuous Steel Casting process. These products are instrumental in controlling the flow of Molten Steel from Tundish to Continuous Casting.

What is the HS code for tundish nozzle?

69032090

What is the function of a nozzle?

The primary function of a nozzle is to control flow rate and convert the spray liquid into droplets (via atomisation) that are of a suitable size for depositing on the intended target.

What are the uses of tundish?

What does a tundish do? A tundish is installed to prevent cross-contamination between an overflow pipe and a drain pipe. Unsanitary water from the drain pipe could theoretically enter the system if a tundish is not installed to block this.

The number of melting sequences is important in choosing a Tundish nozzle. Different nozzles for single use Melting or multiple melts are produced and used. It seems necessary to use more resistant material to achieve higher sequences. Welcome contact us to choose the right nozzle at the lowest cost.

How to make magnesia brick

 

Magnesia Brick Manufacturing Process: 

The manufacturing process of magnesia brick includes the following steps:

1. Break and smash: 

Crushing is the process of processing large pieces of material into ideal particle size materials. 

2. Ingredients (weighing): 

The raw materials are prepared in a predetermined proportion and mixed in a strong sand mixer. The order of feeding is magnesia aggregate – carbon fiber – binder – carbon raw material. 

3. Mixing: 

Mix thoroughly to get perfect coating. Add mixture made in step (B) and remix the batch intensively. Now add powder Resin (item 9), then Hexamine (item 10) and mix once again. 

4. Molding: 

Use a molding machine to make the mixture into bricks.

5. Drying:

Use a drying oven to dry the bricks for several hours.

6. Firing: 

Fire the bricks in a kiln at temperatures of 1550 to 1600 degrees Celsius. 

7.Finishing: 

The final step is to grind and polish the bricks to get the desired shape and size.

Types of magnesia brick:

Magnesia bricks can be divided into two categories: sintered magnesia bricks (also known as fired magnesia bricks) and chemically combined magnesia bricks (also known as unburned magnesia bricks). Magnesia bricks with high purity and firing temperature are called direct-bonded magnesia bricks due to the direct contact of periclase grains; Bricks made of fused magnesia as raw materials are called fused re-bonded magnesia bricks.

Uses of Magnesia Bricks:

Magnesia bricks are used in steelmaking furnaces, electric furnace bottom and wall, and high temperature tunnel kiln. Magnesia bricks are also used as heat storage room lattice bricks in glass kilns.

Magnesia brick is used for permanent layers in steel making converters, AOD furnaces, and more. Magnesia brick is also used to line steel ladles and Basic Oxygen Furnaces (BOFs). Magnesia bricks can be used in a variety of applications, depending on the type of brick being used. Common uses include furnaces, ladles, secondary refining vessels, and cement and glass making kilns.

Magnesia Brick for sale

The most important steps need to be considered to avoid or reduce the possibility of magnesia bricks hydration are:

1). Magnesia bricks must be transported in a container to protect the material against moisture.

2). Magnesia bricks should be stored inside storage rooms where it is dry, free of frost, ventilated, and with a temperature between 10°C and 30°C. Note that magnesia bricks storage underneath a tarpaulin cover outside is not sufficient.

3). Bricks may not be stored for more than four weeks prior to installation and preheating.

4). Lining should be protected against moisture during installation and preheating.

Article Source:How to make magnesia brick
Company name: Henan Changxing Refractory Materials Co.,Ltd
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How to reduce ladle nozzle clogging during continuous casting

 The article explains how to prevent ladle nozzle blockage, what causes ladle spout blockage. Learn how to prevent ladle nozzle blockage and the factors that lead to ladle nozzle blockage.

How to reduce ladle nozzle clogging, as the following:

Preventing ladle nozzle clogging is not successfully completed by one simple action but rather many actions working together: inclusion count reduction, inclusion modification by the use of calcium, protecting from re-oxidation of the steel, proper tundish geometry, and proper tundish and nozzle refractories. While the concept of making only liquid inclusions appears simple in application, it can be rather difficult to maintain these liquid inclusions throughout the entire casting process.

Nozzle clogging during steel pouring in the continuous casting process is a long-standing problem for Al-killed steels. During casting the flow rate of liquid steel through the nozzle is reduced due to the nozzle clogging, which leads to serious operational problems. Even though the ladle slide gate is fully open, the molten steel flow rate can hardly meet the demand of the tundish, causing the level in the tundish to drop. To continue the casting sequence the casting speed must be reduced. In some cases casting is terminated if clogging takes place at early stage of ladle opening and the ladle returns with the remaining steel poured in the EAF/ other ladles for reprocessing or lost as ladle loss. Ladle nozzle clogging reduces productivity, decreases process yield and impacts the steel quality. 

Ladle Nozzle Clogging can be divided into three classes and is grouped according to their sources:

Class 1: Oxide formation :

Category -1.1 by air aspiration, 1.2 by reaction between nozzle refractory and steel.

Class 2: Transportation of oxides to the nozzle wall :

Category – 2.1 deoxidation products, 2.2 reoxidation products, 2.3 exogenous inclusions, 2.4 products of inclusion modification.

Class 3: low temperature chilling of steel

A way to solve ladle nozzle clogging.The concluded that:

The bigger diameter of a nozzle or less nozzle clogging could effectively generate an enough flow rate for a CC process and maintain the target casting speed. We can predict if nozzle clogging is happening by comparing the actual value and the theoretical one of the percentage of a slide gate opened

The main inclusions which caused the nozzle clogging during a CC process of the silicon steel were Al2O3 and its composite inclusions.

Ca-treatment can be a method that transform inclusions into C12A7 by adding Si-Ca wires and prevent nozzle clogging of the silicon steel theoretically. And the amount of Si-Ca wires for Ca-treatment of the silicon steel, with different dissolved Al and total O can be calculated. Ca-treatment can prevent the nozzles from clogging during a CC process of the silicon steel.

Ladle Nozzle Manufacturer

Ladle nozzle clogging during a continuous casting process

To figure out the reason causing ladle nozzle clogging during a continuous casting process for the silicon steel and get away to solve it, the theoretical calculation of flow rates during casting, inclusions around the ladle slide gate where ladle nozzle clogging happened, and Ca-treatment on refining units for producing the silicon steel. 

The bigger diameter of a nozzle or less nozzle clogging can guarantee an enough flow rate for reaching the target casting speed. Ladle nozzle clogging can be predicted by analyzing the percentage of a slide gate being opened. Al2O3 and its composite inclusions were the main ones which cause the nozzle clogging during the CC process of the silicon steel. Ca-treatment could transform those high melting point inclusions into C12A7 by adding Si-Ca wires and prevent the ladle nozzle clogging of the silicon steel.

Due to nozzle clogging, a casting speed often decreased, and even an entire cast would be canceled in severe cases. The transformation of inclusions, electroslag remelting process (ESR for short), and ceramic filters were effective methods to reduce the clogging. And calcium-treatment for transforming inclusions was thought as a lower cost and a simpler process than the others, and thus there were many studies on it for solving the clogging of submerged entry nozzles. 

Some steel with high silicon, such as welding steel, calcium should be not be added into the steel, because it can increase the welding cracks of the steel. That meant that not all steel can use calcium-treatment for solving the clogging, and there has no been a research on ladle nozzle clogging of silicon steel. But there has been being ladle nozzle clogging during CC of silicon steel, which is deoxygenated by using Al. Moreover, silicon steel has unique properties and its processes are more complicated compared to other steel. Therefore, it is necessary to study what causes ladle nozzle clogging for casting silicon steel, figure out a effective method to solve the problem, and confirm that the method would not obviously affect the properties of silicon steel. The theoretical calculation for flow rates that could affect nozzle clogging, analyzed the inclusions causing the ladle nozzle clogging, validated the effects of Ca-treatment on solving ladle nozzle clogging of the silicon steel both theoretically and practically, without a decrease of the magnetic properties.

How to make magnesia carbon brick

 The article describes in detail the process of how to make magnesium carbon bricks. What’s more, the article also expresses some other issues related to magnesia carbon bricks. Weclcome to visit our factory to see magnesium carbon brick product process.

Magnesia carbon brick Production process

The steps in the production process of MgO-C bricks are described here. First, the refractory raw materials are graded into coarse, medium, and fine sizes and are classified as necessary.  Next, they are mixed and kneaded with a binder in pre-determined blend proportions by parti­cle size. The kneaded mixture is press formed into bricks. 

By a magnesia-carbon brick there is understood a brick based mainly on the components burned magnesite, carbon in the amount of typically 5-30% carbon by weight and a suitable binder. Magnesia-carbon bricks are used in the wear lining of a converter for steel production, and are substantially more resistant to wear than magnesite bricks in which the percentage of carbon used is not so high. The wear lining of a converter can, depending on the price of the bricks, be wholly or partly constructed from magnesia-carbon bricks, especially at the location of the trunnions of the converter, where the wear is greatest.

Magnesia Carbon Brick for sale

Production process for MgO-C bricks

Uniaxial forming with an oil press or a friction press is normally used as the pressing equipment. The magnesia aggregate and graphite in MgO-C bricks show orientability depending on the forming di­rection of the press. The strength and thermal conductivity of MgO-C bricks show anisotropy . It is hence important to consider the forming direction of bricks when laying the bricks. A cold isostatic press (CIP) with small anisotropy is also used for the production of large refractory products such as bottom blowing tuyere bricks and taphole bricks.

Formed bricks are dried to remove moisture and other volatile components, processed, and coated as needed, visually inspected for cracks, chips, and other defects, and dispatched after removing defective bricks.

MgO-C (magnesia-carbon) refractories are widely used in several steelmaking linings. These refractories are exposed to extreme stress due to high temperatures (T > 1600 °C) required to cause the metallurgical reactions. These working conditions produced refractory wear through various related processes. The different types of degradation that the material suffers can be from thermochemical or thermomechanical origin.

Method for the manufacture of a magnesia-carbon brick, comprising the steps of:

a. preparing a mixture comprising:

1. burned magnesite

2. carbon

3. a binder solution comprising:

3.1 pre-condensed novolak resin

3.2 a solvent for this novolak resin.

4. a hardener for the resin.

b. pressing a brick from the mixture.

The method also provides bricks produced by the method and a converter having a wear lining consisting at least partly of such bricks.

FAQ:

How are magnesia carbon bricks made?

The traditional magnesia carbon brick manufactured by the synthetic tar binder in the cold mixing process is hardened during the process of tar damage and the necessary strength is obtained, thus forming isotropic glassy carbon.

What is the use of magnesia carbon bricks?

MgO-C (magnesia-carbon) refractory bricks are widely used in steel industry, the primary consumer of refractory linings, such as basic oxygen furnaces, electric arc furnaces, and ladle furnaces.

What is the raw material for magnesia carbon bricks?

Sea water magnesia is mainly used in SAIL as the main raw material for manufacturing of magnesia carbon bricks.

What is magnesia carbon brick?

Magnesia-Carbon brick is resin-bonded brick made from dead-burned or fused magnesia and graphite. Anti-oxidant is added if required. Our control over bonding agents mean that these products are classed as eco friendly in terms of steel production.

In conclusion, Welcome to learn how to make magnesia carbon bricks and learn other information about magnesia carbon bricks. If you are interested in other refractory products and production processes, please feel free to browse our website or visit our factory.

Article Source:How to make magnesia carbon brick
Company name: Henan Changxing Refractory Materials Co.,Ltd
More refractory products:https://www.cxrefractories.com/en-all-refractory-products
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Magnesia Carbon Bricks

How to avoid clogging in tundish nozzles

 

Various methods employed to avoid clogging in Tundish nozzles are:

1.Erosion of Alumina build-up

2.Steel reinforcement of Alumina matrix

3.Flow model studies

4.Argon purging facility in the bore of nozzles

5.Anti-clogging mix employment at bore

Tundish nozzles are manufactured by alumina carbon refractory material. The porosity ranges between 12%-15%. In order to have a purging facility however, the bore porosity must be >18% without compromising strength. 

Tundish Nozzle

The results of tundish nozzles Clogging

Clogging in continuous casting tundish nozzles is build-up of material in flow passage between the tundish and mold, and results in:

Decrease in productivity

If clogging becomes sufficiently severe, the flow control device will no longer be able to compensate, resulting in either a decrease in casting speed or making it necessary to replace the nozzle. These events reduce net casting throughput and thereby reduce productivity.

Increase in cost

Depending on the casting shop, some portions of clogged nozzles (e.g. submerged entry nozzle) can be independently replaced during casting. This is done by use of a sub entry shroud or a tube changing SEN. However other clogged refractory (e.g. tundish nozzle) can only be replaced by changing tundishes. Therefore nozzle clogging results in additional costs in terms of tundish refurbishment or nozzle replacement.

Depletion of quality

Clogged particles can get dislodged from the build-up and result in unacceptable cleanliness-related defects in the product. The restriction of flow passage may also cause biased flow patterns in the mold which thereby cause quality problems such as mold flux ingestion, shell thinning etc.

The process of Continuous Casting has achieved new heights in recent years, as tundishes are no longer treated as simply a transfer vessel but as a metallurgical reactor. Progress in technology has led many producers to move to casting high quality steel of all grades with very long casting duration i.e. >20 hrs. We all know nozzle clogging has been a serious productivity and quality problem in continuous casting of Aluminium killed steel, which limits the slab casters to last a defined (short) time. This led to development of TCD (Tube Changing Device) casters where the SEN can be changed during an ongoing casting process.

In addition, products of steel-refractory interactions such as CA6, commonly found in tundish nozzles, were observed in the lab tests. Alumina-graphite nozzle materials were shown to clog at a faster rate since industrial alumina-graphite has strong thermochemical interactions with steel. No significant steel-refractory interactions were observed in the pure oxide or zirconia-graphite nozzles however.

Tundish Nozzle for sale

FAQ:

What is a tundish nozzle?

Tundish Nozzles are an integral part of Continuous Steel Casting process. These products are instrumental in controlling the flow of Molten Steel from Tundish to Continuous Casting.

What is the function of a nozzle?

The primary function of a nozzle is to control flow rate and convert the spray liquid into droplets (via atomisation) that are of a suitable size for depositing on the intended target.

What is the result of  tundish nozzle clogging?

Irregular flow through a tundish nozzle increases the probability of generating a number of quality defects such as re-oxidation of the steel and slag entrapment. Nozzle clogging also affects productivity in that less steel is able to be cast because of the blockage in the nozzle.

What is the HS code for tundish nozzle?

69032090

Why is my tundish nozzle clogging?

The cause of the clogging is related to a combination of operating criteria including ladle slag practice, tundish refractory, deoxidation methodology and temperature.

What causes nozzle clogging?

The reason behind this problem is that some of the old material remains in the extruder due to the lower temperature needs of the new material. As a result, the old filament will not melt completely, and the residue left behind may cause the nozzle to clog in the long run.

How to choose right refractory materials used in furnaces

 This article will introduce the types and application fields of refractory materials. Through this article, you can have a comprehensive understanding of refractory materials and learn more about the advantages of refractory materials. On the other hand, understand the main use areas and manufacturing processes of refractory materials.

How to choose right refractory materials

Refractories should have high structural strength and can withstand long-term mechanical loads at operating temperature. Refractories should have good resistance to the components of the batch materials, molten glass and gaseous substances. Refractories should produce minimum contamination to the glass.

Types of Refractory Materials

1. Fired Refractory Products

2. Non-Fired Refractory Products

3. Special Refractory

4. Monolithic Refractory (Bulk Refractory Or Refractory Concrete)

5. Functional Refractory Materials

6. Clay Bricks

7. High Alumina Bricks

8. Silica Bricks  

9. Magnesium Bricks

10. Corundum Bricks

11. Ramming Material 

12. Plastic Refractory 

13. Casting Material

Refractory material characteristics:

Depending on the working conditions of various steel furnaces, the working conditions of refractory materials were found to be very difficult. Therefore, the refractory materials used must have the following characteristics:

High-temperature resistance and high fire resistance.

Wear resistance and wear resistance of heat-resistant steel and slag.

For the intermittent operation of the steelmaking furnace, the refractory material must have excellent thermal shock and fracture resistance.

It has high mechanical strength, can tilt the blows of the furnace, and withstand the load of the furnace without damage.

There are many operations and processes for secondary steelmaking, such as vacuum degassing and ladle refinancing. Refractory materials use a unique combination of various bricks to meet diverse requirements. The following can be observed:

The high temperature and long retention time of molten steel in the ladle.

Wide variation of slag composition Various types of vacuum treatment. Thermal changes.

The stirring of molten steel causes erosion of molten steel movement.

In all ladle refining processes such as ladle furnaces, ASE-SKF and VAD processes,ladle MgO-C bricks are used in areas where slag and steel are in contact. For general walls, high alumina bricks are widely used. The bottom zircon bricks are used to prevent molten steel from penetrating into the joints of the bricks. In some cases, MgO-C, Al2O3-C bricks and molds are used in the impact area. MgO-C bricks with added metal pairs have high thermal strength and excellent oxidation resistance.

Refractory materials include natural ores and various products made by certain purposes and requirements through certain processes, which have certain high-temperature mechanical properties and good volume stability. They are the necessary materials for various high-temperature equipment.

FAQ:

How do you select refractory materials?

Refractories should have stable volume at high temperature and the residual expansion and contraction should be small. Heat capacity, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity and other thermal properties should meet the requirements. Refractories should have neat appearance and accurate shape and size.

What are the basics of refractory materials?

Refractory material is a material that is resistant to decomposition of heat, pressure or chemical attack and retains strength and form temperatures. The basic refractory materials include alumina, silica, magnesia and lime.

How are refractory material made?

This process involves using an electric arc furnace to melt the refractory raw materials, then pouring the melted materials into sand-forming molds. Another type of refractory process is ceramic fiber production. In this process, calcined kaolin is melted in an electric arc furnace.

Through this article, you already had an in-depth understanding of the advantages and application fields of refractory materials.What’s more,you can also view company news to learn more about refractory  industry news. If you need refractory materials, please contact me.

Article Source: https://www.cxrefractories.com/en-refractory-news?article_id=1260
Company name: Henan Changxing Refractory Materials Co.,Ltd
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